HASUpstream – Upstream Supply Chain:Logistics activity, including the supply and storage of raw materials, components, semi-finished products and finished products, order preparation and other logistics services performed on products until handover to the carrier.Predictive analytics:Predictive analytics encompasses a variety of techniques from statistics, knowledge extraction from data, and game theory that analyze present and past facts to make predictive hypotheses about future events.Supply :Procurement is a technique or method for delivering a good or service to a third party. It can be considered as comprising two distinct flows: physical and administrative (informational).
The administrative flow is necessary for sending and receiving data, orders, purchase orders, invoices, etc.
The physical flow is the art of transporting the good to the customer, by ship, plane, truck, rail, etc. Procurement must take into account all surrounding constraints. The primary rule is to deliver the goods at the right time, at the right price, and at the best possible cost, according to the customer's preferences.APS – Advanced Planning System:Advanced Planning Systems (APS) are software packages that assist in configuring logistics networks and planning and managing logistics operations.
They are primarily decision-support tools, mainly geared towards multi-company planning, and enable the propagation of changes both upstream and downstream. It's important to note that APS are fundamentally focused on managing critical resources.Downstream – Supply Chain Forward:Downstream logistics refers to all activities which aim to ensure that the customer and/or end consumer receives the desired (ordered) references and quantities of finished products within the desired timeframe and under the best cost conditions.BWorking Capital Requirement (WCR):Working capital requirement (WCR) is the measure of the financial resources a company must use to cover the financial need arising from the timing differences between cash outflows (operating expenses and revenues necessary for production) and cash inflows (sales of goods and services) related to its business.
Working capital requirement is generally called "working capital resources" when it is negative.
WCR = current assets (inventory + accounts receivable) – current liabilities (accounts payable + tax liabilities + social security liabilities + other non- financial liabilities).
More generally, WCR can be defined as the difference between operating assets and operating liabilities in a broad sense:
WCR = inventory + current assets – short-term operating liabilities.
In some sectors, WCR is negative: this means that the business generates a positive cash flow. This is particularly true for large retailers, who pay their suppliers after delivery (often 60 days or even longer), while customers pay upfront. However, in most businesses, working capital is positive: this means that the company needs to raise funds to offset the negative cash flow generated by the operating cycle.Blockchain:A method of storing and transmitting data in the form of interconnected blocks protected against alteration. A database containing the history of transactions recorded on the blockchain. Blockchain is a promising technology for the supply chain sector.CABC Class – Pareto:Method of classifying a reference in descending order. This method
consists of dividing a population into three classes:
Class A composed of references constituting 80% of the volume (
generally representing 20% of the references),
Class B composed of references constituting 15% of the volumes (
generally representing 30% of the references),
and Class C composed of references constituting the last 5% of the volumes
(generally representing 50% of the references).Cloud Computing:Cloud computing, or virtualized computing, is a concept that refers to the use of the memory and processing power of computers and servers distributed worldwide and connected by a network, such as the internet.
Users (most often businesses) no longer own their computer servers but can thus access numerous online services in a scalable way without having to manage the often complex underlying infrastructure. Applications and data are no longer located on the local computer, but—metaphorically speaking—in a cloud composed of a number of interconnected remote servers.
Access to the service is via a readily available standard application, most often a web browser.Data Clustering or Partitioning:Data partitioning (or data clustering) is one of the methods of data analysis.
It aims to divide a set of data into different homogeneous "packets", in the sense that the data of each subset share common characteristics, which most often correspond to proximity criteria (computational similarity) that are defined by introducing distance measures and classes between objects.Inventory control:Inventory control measures are designed for the ex-post monitoring of the effectiveness of inventory management methods. It can also be defined as the set of processes that enable the procurement, storage, and accessibility of items, with the goal of ensuring their availability while minimizing inventory costs.
It applies to any item you use to manufacture a product or provide a service, from raw materials to finished goods. This covers inventory at every stage of the production process, from purchasing and delivery to use and replenishment.
Effective inventory control allows you to hold the right amount of stock in the right place at the right time.
This ensures that capital is not tied up unnecessarily and protects production if problems arise with the supply chain.Stock coverage:An indicator that measures, based on daily sales and inventory levels, the number of days of consumption the current inventory level can cover. Low inventory coverage indicates that items are turning over quickly and that inventory levels and associated costs are limited.
Conversely, high inventory coverage is often a cause for concern. It can extend to several years. Capital is tied up unnecessarily, warehouse space requirements are high (which negatively impacts productivity), and it's possible that some of these items will never actually be ordered because they are expired, out of fashion, etc.
Inventory coverage indicates the number of days of consumption the current inventory level can cover. It is calculated by dividing the inventory by the average consumption over a given period (obtained through sales, shipments, etc.).
For example, an inventory of 10 units and a weekly consumption of 5 means that the inventory coverage in question is 2 weeks.Product lifecycle:The product lifecycle represents the various stages of the market—namely, development, introduction, growth, maturity, and decline—through which the vast majority of consumer goods pass. From an inventory management perspective, a product's lifecycle is a major driver of demand, along with seasonality and trends; it must be considered in order to maintain desired service levels.The classic stages of the market:
Classical economic theory states that a product, after an initial development phase, goes through four stages:
Introduction: The product is newly launched and still relatively unknown.
Growth: More and more potential customers discover the product and become customers. At this stage, competitors enter the market and eventually limit growth.
Maturity: This is reached when growth stops and sales remain stable, as a market equilibrium is established between the product and its competitors.
Decline: This occurs when more and more competing products gradually erode sales. Decline can be accelerated if the product is actively eliminated from the market.DDelivery time:The time elapsed between a company's request to one of its suppliers and the receipt of the ordered raw materials or products. It is the sum of the delivery time – that is, the time it takes the supplier to deliver an order after it has been placed – and the order lead time – the time elapsed before a new order can be placed. The replenishment lead time is measured in days.Delivery time – Lead Time Delivery:The time elapsed between a customer's receipt of an order and its actual delivery. Delivery time is a key factor in assessing the quality of a service.Last in, First out (LIFO):Storage management rule in which what was entered last is removed first.Devaluation – Inventory write-off:Decrease in the economic value of stocks caused by losses or obsolescence.Actual Demand:Customer orders (or reservations of items for production and distribution) which "consume" the forecasts, according to chosen rules, over a given horizon.DLC – Use-by Date:The expiry date, called the use-by date (DLC) in France, is a date appearing on microbiologically perishable foodstuffs that, after a short period, may present an immediate danger to human health.Best Before End (DLUO):The "best before" date (BBD) is a date indicated on the packaging of certain food products beyond which their organoleptic and nutritional qualities are no longer guaranteed: they may have less flavor, fewer vitamins, or a different texture, without necessarily posing a health risk.
The products concerned include groceries, coffee, canned goods, frozen foods, biscuits, beverages, etc. Selling these products after the "best before" date is not prohibited.DRP – Distribution Resource Planning:The Demand Response Plan (DRP) is a business process within the Supply Chain that allows a company to anticipate the supply of goods to distribution sites, and even to customer platforms (collaboration), over the entire time horizon. It also enables the prioritization of short-term inventory distribution. Finally, it serves as one of the entry points for the Manufacturing Process Supply (MPS) since it provides a precise requirements plan to manufacturing.DDMRPDDMRP provides solutions for companies seeking to optimize their inventory management based on market demand. The dynamic management of buffers is an effective response to many challenges faced by supply chain managers. Here's how it works.
DDMRP is a production planning method created in the United States by Carol Ptak and Chad Smith in the 2000s. It addresses the new challenges of markets that are now more sophisticated, complex, and volatile. Faced with these upheavals, traditional management methods had become too inadequate. Thanks to Ptak and Smith, it is now possible to drive your supply chain based on demand, fully integrating it into production flow management.
Placing buffers at key supply chain nodes leads to a better return on investment and increased productivity. At the intersection of MRP and Lean Manufacturing, it results in reduced storage costs, fewer stockouts, and improved logistics management.Coverage duration – Inventory cycle:The period between two successive receipts of materials and products intended for supplying the company.EInventory discrepancy:Difference between physical stock and computerized stock.Bursting :The act of distributing packages or the contents of a pallet received from a supplier onto pallets destined for stores. This definition applies only to just-in-time delivery.Skimming:Price skimming can be considered a form of price discrimination: when a new product is launched, its price is set at a very high level to maximize profits by selling it to early adopters.
The price then slowly decreases to continue maximizing profits by reaching other types of customers.Bullwhip effect:Information distortion is a mechanism that occurs within a supply chain and increasingly affects actors upstream in that chain. This effect manifests itself in the accumulation of ever-larger inventories by suppliers who sometimes exaggerate even minor variations in consumer behavior.Inventory valuation:Assignment of a conventional value to stocks for accounting purposes, according to different methods: weighted average price, replacement price, FIFO method, LIFO method, etc.FFIFO – First In First Out:or their English equivalents First in, first out or FIFO is used in management to designate a method of inventory management, and in accounting a method of asset valuation.This is a stock management method whose purpose is to release goods and raw materials in the order they were received. Companies using perishable goods in their production employ the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.The FIFO (First-In, First-Out) option not only allows for the consumption of perishable goods before their expiration date but also reduces storage costs. Discount retailers save on inventory expenses by using the FIFO management method.
If the FIFO inventory system is well-managed, the current stock level corresponds to the most recent purchases.Push flow:A flow management model in which raw materials or parts are introduced into the production chain according to a program or schedule established in anticipation of demand. Note: Material requirements planning (MRP) is often associated with push production.
A flow is considered "push" when, once step n is completed, the flow is pushed to step n+1. In the case of a production flow, this means that production generates availability. Availability then generates demand.Just-in-time delivery:Regular, timely delivery of products intended for immediate sale, without storage. A pull-based production model in which production quantities precisely match market demand. Just-in-time (JIT) is a hyper-lean production model.
Lean production refers to a production method originating from the Toyota Production System. It aims to reduce raw material and finished goods inventories to zero to lower costs and minimize/optimize lead times. Lean production is primarily used in manufacturing and is made possible by the regular flow of goods upstream and downstream of production.
Implementing lean production requires perfect coordination between the various stakeholders, including purchasing, logistics, production, and sales professionals.Pull flow:A flow management model in which raw materials or parts only move through the production chain when demand requires them. Note: The term "pull flow" is used in contrast to the term "push flow."
In a pull flow, actual demand triggers production, which is then pulled downstream; in a push flow, production is achieved, conversely, by pushing products through the production chain to build up inventory that can meet potential demand.Synchronous flows:A flow management model that coordinates the supply of various components (possibly from different suppliers) according to their order of use on the production line. This management model, used particularly in the automotive industry, allows for the last-minute delivery of the precise quantities needed at each workstation.GCapacity management:A process that involves measuring actual production and comparing it to planned capacity requirements, monitoring discrepancies, and taking corrective actions.GPA – Collaborative Supply Management:VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) is a method for supplying warehouses or distribution platforms. Order proposals are prepared by suppliers and executed based on warehouse withdrawals. In other words, it involves supplying warehouses and/or stores according to management rules defined in a cooperation agreement between a distributor and a manufacturer. VMI is often compared to the Anglo-Saxon concepts of "VMI" and "CMI" (Vendor Management Inventory and Co-Managed Inventory), although these are somewhat different. VMI primarily concerns the replenishment of core shelf-standing products, in other words, core products. In essence, the distributor (the point of sale) delegates all or part of its responsibility for replenishing its stock to the supplier.GMA – Shared Supply Management:GMA stands for shared supply management. Through collaboration between multiple suppliers, GMA aims to reduce supply costs and inventory levels at large retail outlets while ensuring improved customer service.GMA (Global Merchandise Management) involves entrusting a group of manufacturers with the management of supply to the distributor. It retains the principles of VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) with close collaboration between manufacturer and distributor, and adds a "multi-industry" collaboration to jointly serve the distributor. This technique is based on the premise that the ideal way to maintain low inventory levels and respond to fluctuating demand is to obtain products more frequently and in smaller quantities, which implies an increase in deliveries and a significant decrease in truck capacity.Groupage – Consolidation:The action of combining shipments of goods from several senders or addressed to several recipients, and organizing and arranging for the transport of the resulting batch by a carrier.IIFP – Integrated Forecasting Procurement:Global forecasting and optimization solution, multi-level solution that is installed in each of the nodes of the Supply Chain organization (factory, central office, warehouse, service provider, point of sale, foreign subsidiary, website, drive…) and acts both autonomously and in coherence with the organization and partners.Physical inventory:Visual control allowing us to know the exact number of items in the store as well as their locations.Cyclical inventory:Physical inventory of stock, carried out repeatedly at set time intervals to correct errors affecting the perpetual inventory.Permanent inventory:Inventory carried out via computerized real-time stock status tracking.JJAT – Just in Time:The lean manufacturing model, initially developed by Toyota, involves controlling and optimizing the production system to eliminate all sources of waste, particularly those related to intermediate inventory and poor quality. This ensures that production meets demand at every stage of the process.Just-in-Time (JIT) is essentially the opposite of the master production plan defined using the MRP (Material Requirements Planning) method, where production is triggered based on sales forecasts (push flow). With JIT, flows are pull-based; production is triggered by orders, thus reducing inventory levels. The risk, however, lies in the system's lack of responsiveness.Just-in-time by cards (Kanban):A production management method of Japanese origin, designed to ensure just-in-time supply through the use of index cards. The objective of this method is to adjust inventory levels based on actual and projected output. Thus, as soon as a product is consumed, the method recommends launching production of the corresponding quantity to replenish the initial inventory level.Supply chain digital twinOptimize your logistics with a digital twinA digital twin is a 3D replica that allows for the simulation, analysis, and optimization of one or more elements of the supply chain before their real-world implementation.
Its large-scale deployment suggests numerous innovations for the logistics sector.
A digital twin is thus the virtual representation of a given element, such as a factory, a machine, a building, a warehouse, or a vehicle.
One could say, for example, that it is a kind of virtual clone that allows for the simulation of the physical state and behavior of an "object."
The digital twin is connected and evolves according to the known changes in the represented object. It is useful because it allows for the visualization, analysis, and prediction of potential areas for improvement in the design of the represented objects.
It is also possible to create multiple digital twins of the same "object" to increase the number of analyses and experiments simulated on it. This digitized view of the different stages of the supply chain also makes it possible to optimize the actions to be carried out by each stakeholder (suppliers, operators, shippers, carriers, etc.)LLast time – Last Kilometer:This term describes the final link in the delivery chain, which ends at the customer's premises. It remains the most logistically challenging to manage, given the number and geographical dispersion of these delivery points in most consumer markets. Its cost often leads clients to seek the services of specialists. Managing this stage is of strategic importance, as it is at this point that contact with the end customer occurs.Lead time:Lead time is the time that elapses between the start and end of a process. For example, it corresponds to the time it takes to manufacture a product on a production line, or the time it takes to process an order administratively.
A company with a significant lead time on a machine will, for instance, need to maintain a buffer stock between two production stations to compensate for the manufacturing delay and avoid stockouts (this stock naturally represents a cost for the company).Lean logistics:Lean literally means "thin." A lean process is a process stripped of all unnecessary operations, which make it "bloated," less efficient, less responsive, and which consume excessive amounts of time, energy, and resources. The principle of Lean is to manage processes and resources as efficiently as possible, rather than "pushing" them further.
For a logistics professional, the promises of Lean are quite compelling: reduced inventory and cycle times, accelerated flows, lower costs, elimination of waste, and improved supply chain responsiveness. It's a
continuous improvement approach aimed at eliminating all waste (inventory, non-value-added operations, poor quality, etc.) within logistics processes and activities. This approach relies on a set of tools that allow for modeling flows (value stream mapping, for example), analyzing malfunctions, and defining, implementing, and monitoring improvement plans.LIFO – Last In First Out:The accounting method for valuing stock withdrawals involves first "extracting" the most recently acquired items. This leads to a fictitious individualization of stock levels and, during periods of inflation, to lower withdrawal costs and therefore reduced analytical results.Unlike the FIFO method, the items in the most recent batch (the last batch to enter stock) will also be the first to be consumed. Therefore, stock consumption occurs in the reverse order of batch arrival. The LIFO method is widely used for products where maturation adds value (e.g., wine fermentation).Smoothing of activities:Action whereby the receiver deducts in advance the number of packages intended to be delivered to a store, in case of shortages upon receipt of the goods.Reverse logistics – Returns logistics:This involves managing and optimizing the flow of goods from the consumer to the manufacturer. Its most well-known form is after-sales service, but it is expanding into recycling, for example, the recycling of WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment). The return of defective products, overstocking, and end-of-life items are also closely related topics.
"Reverse logistics" is defined as the set of efficient processes for planning, implementing, and controlling the flow of raw materials, work in progress, finished products, and related information, from upstream to downstream, with the aim of satisfying the end customer/consumer.MMachine learning:Machine learning is an artificial intelligence technology that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed to do so. However, to learn and develop, computers need data to analyze and train on.MRP – Manufacturing Resource Planning:Material Requirements Planning ( MRP) is a component requirements planning method based on the bill of materials (BOM). While used for less complex purposes, it is particularly well-suited for companies manufacturing products with numerous components.
MRP serves several functions: It is a tool for calculating the net requirements for raw materials or components to be manufactured or purchased.
MRP is the initial step in calculating capacity requirements.It is a long-term planning tool. It uses commercial data (sales forecasts, orders) and technical data (operation ranges, workloads) to simulate and then balance workloads and production capacities,
launch manufacturing or purchase orders, and manage the production of final products.MOQ – Minimum Order Quantity:If there's one term you absolutely must know when contacting suppliers, it's "MOQ." This acronym stands for "Minimum Order Quantity."
It's the quantity ordered from the supplier to ensure replenishment while minimizing the total cost of inventory. The order is triggered when the stock level reaches the reorder point. It's calculated to minimize a combination of costs, such as the purchase cost (which may include discounts on bulk orders), the storage cost, the order placement cost, and so on. Optimizing the order quantity complements optimizing safety stock, which focuses on discovering the optimal threshold for triggering an order.Logistics Pooling:An approach led by manufacturers or distributors whose objective is to voluntarily share all or part of the resources consumed in carrying out logistics activities (receiving, storing goods, preparing orders, shipping, co-packing, etc.).Shared Transport:This approach is generally carried out by industrial companies whose objective is to voluntarily share (unlike groupage carried out at the initiative of the carrier) the resources consumed (vehicles, personnel, etc.) in the performance of transport activities (mainly traction).OConnected object – IoT:The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the extension of the internet to objects and places in the physical world.
It also refers to the "connection" of these objects to a larger network, whether directly (via Wi-Fi, for example), through the user's smartphone (often via a Bluetooth connection), or through proprietary communication protocols that allow objects to communicate with each other. It is this type of "smart" object that we call connected objects.OF – Manufacturing Order:Order authorizing a manufacturing workshop to produce parts.Scheduling:Production control techniques aimed at ensuring that the production schedule is met on time and at minimal cost. These techniques involve selecting, sequencing, and assigning operators to specific tasks at individual workstations.Finite capacity scheduling:Scheduling of production/transformation activities, automatically integrating capacity constraints on the means and different production resources, based on predefined rules (time constraints, yield, throughput, groupings and technological nomenclatures, etc.).PPicking:Picking in logistics is the act of retrieving products from the stock to group them at the place where they will be packaged (the packaging action is the 2nd step of order preparation, the packing).Tour planning:This refers to the organization of a transport order (manually or using route planning software). Orders are distributed among vehicles in a way that minimizes costs and time spent relative to the distance to be traveled.Volumetric weight:During transport, a small but particularly heavy package actually occupies more space than its actual volume. Volumetric weight measures the density of goods entrusted to carriers. Carriers will take this data into account when calculating the price of their service, as space is precious in these circumstances.RRecipe :Phase of the project in which the client and the supplier study the correspondence between what was ordered and what is actually produced.Replenishment Picking:An operation consisting of removing quantities from reserve stock to replenish picking stock.Reconditioning:The entire process of reconditioning pallets involves putting them back on the market in good condition. This includes collection, sorting, cleaning, and marketing, and even repair if necessary, or the potential recycling of pallets that cannot be repaired.RFID – Radio Frequency Identification:Radio Frequency Identification is a method for storing and retrieving data remotely using markers called "radio tags" ("RFID tag" or "RFID transponder" in English).RFID is an automatic identification technology based on a simple principle: an electronic chip with an antenna, containing information, is attached to an object. Using an interrogator, it is possible to read the information contained in the chip remotely, without necessarily seeing the tag.Inventory turnover:Inventory turnover is the number of times inventory needs to be replaced over a given period—usually a year. It is one of the most widely used ratios in inventory management, as it reflects the overall efficiency of the supply chain, from supplier to customer. This ratio can be calculated for any type of inventory (materials and supplies, work in progress, finished goods, or a combination thereof), and it can be used for both distribution and manufacturing.Load interruption:During transport, transshipment is a stage in which goods are transferred between vehicles. Carriers seek to limit these phases as much as possible because they are costly: immobilization of two vehicles, use of reception infrastructure, cost of equipment and personnel, risk of goods loss, etc.SSKU – Stock Keeping Unit:In inventory management, a stock keeping unit, or SKU, refers to a specific item stored in a specific location. The SKU represents the most granular level of inventory management. All items stored within the same SKU are assumed to be indistinguishable. Introducing the concept of SKUs simplifies most inventory control operations.SKUs are also sometimes used to refer to intangible items, such as guarantees; in this article we only deal with SKUs that have a tangible counterpart.Slotting:Location management. This term refers to the process of optimizing storage locations in a warehouse, based on the nature of the goods stored and the handling operations they will require. Various software solutions now allow for the automation of this optimization.SaaS solution:A SaaS (Software as a Service) solution is an application software solution hosted in the cloud and operated outside the organization or company by a third party, also known as a service provider. Vekia is one such solution.Safety Stock:A quantity intended to compensate for an acceleration of consumption and/or a delay in supply/production. Safety stock is a "dormant" stock.Suspicious stock:The term "suspect stock" refers to goods that appear in the inventory management software as being available in their storage location, when in reality they are missing.Supply chain:Supply chain. The entirety of the actors in the logistics chain, from raw material producers to the end consumer, including all potential intermediaries (processors, wholesalers, transporters, distributors, etc.).
It constitutes a sequential model of activities organized around a network of companies whose goal is to make a product or service available to the customer under optimal conditions in terms of quantity, date, and location.Overstock:Stock is too high relative to demand.Integrated Logistics System:Software that allows for the optimal management of all information and physical flows and interfaces between the various stakeholders, producers, and suppliers involved in manufacturing a product or offering a service, from demand information to the data required for distribution, including design and production. Often, the supply chain management system is integrated with a company's enterprise resource planning (ERP) system and its computer-aided manufacturing (CMM) software.TImmobilization rate:Cost of storing one unit for one unit of time.Coverage rate:The coverage rate represents the proportion of customer demand that a company fulfills with immediately available stock, without replenishment or lost sales. The coverage rate differs from the service level indicator. The coverage rate is very attractive to professionals because it represents the portion of demand that could be recovered or better handled if inventory performance were improved. The coverage rate is measured empirically by averaging the number of requests that were successfully fulfilled out of the total number of requests.Service level:In logistics, the cyclical service level (or simply "service level") corresponds to the expected probability of not running out of stock during the next replenishment cycle and, therefore, also to the probability of not missing out on sales. The cycle length is, implicitly, the lead time. The service level can also be defined as the probability of being able to meet customer demand without backorders or lost sales.Time to Market:The act of bringing a product to market while respecting the date on which it was committed to launch.TMS:IT solution for transport management that enables the optimization and organization of transport.Total Asset Visibility:Total visibility on the value of the resources committed, allowing for traceability of resources from the supplier to the end user.Tracing:The aim is to provide proof of routing and delivery. Most of the time, this proof is a copy of the delivery document signed by the recipient, bearing their name and the time the shipment was handed over.Tracking:In logistics, tracking is a service offered by some carriers that allows internet users who have just made a purchase requiring delivery to follow the corresponding package "by tracing".UUVC – Packaged Sales Unit:Basic packaging of an item. Units of measurement (UV), subpacks (SPCB), and packages (PCB) are used to quantify the number of items, subpacks, and packages, respectively. For example: – If a package contains 10 subpacks (SPCB) and each subpack contains 10 UVs, the PCB handling unit will contain 100 items.Storage Unit:Packaging of items in the warehouse (pallet, carton, UVC).Packaged Sales Unit:Basic packaging of an item.WWCS – Warehouse Control System:A software application that directs real-time activities between a distribution center and a data warehouse.WMS – Warehouse Management System:Warehouse management software. A computer application, a component of SCE software packages, designed for managing and optimizing warehouse operations.Workflow:A workflow scheduling system within an organization. At its core, the workflow is based on a model of the company's functions and procedures. Most workflow solutions support workflow regulation by taking into account synchronization, execution time, and alerts.YYMS – Yard Management System:Dock management system that allows for the accurate administration of delivery and collection traffic in different centers, loading areas and parking lots.ZDistribution area:It designates the location where the physical operations of preparation, distribution, and weighing take place, and corresponds to a set of groups with the same combination. It is coded with an alphanumeric character and contains a set of identified locations. The assignment of a location to a group is automatic, based on a priority criterion.
